Financial Instruments

Cryptocurrencies are digital assets using cryptography and blockchain technology to enable peer-to-peer transactions without intermediaries. This article examines major cryptocurrencies, blockchain mechanics, and investment considerations.

Futures contracts obligate buyers and sellers to transact an asset at a predetermined price on a specific future date. They enable hedging, price discovery, and speculation across commodities, currencies, and financial instruments.

Precious metals like gold and silver have served as stores of value for millennia. This article examines their investment characteristics, how to gain exposure, and their role in modern portfolios.

Bonds are debt securities where investors lend money to issuers in exchange for periodic interest payments and principal repayment. They provide predictable income and portfolio diversification.

ETFs are investment funds that trade on stock exchanges like individual stocks. They offer instant diversification, low costs, and flexibility, making them popular among investors.

Options are derivatives contracts granting the right, but not obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specified price. They offer leverage, hedging capabilities, and strategic flexibility.

Short selling is the practice of selling borrowed shares with the expectation of buying them back later at a lower price. It allows profit from declining prices but carries unlimited loss potential.

A stock represents ownership in a corporation, giving shareholders claim to assets and earnings. This article explains types of stock, how they work, risks, and returns.